Skip to content

References

Everything cited in the handbook, collected by type, with the chapter each is used in.

Publications

  1. Burgess, G., Enzer, M., Schooling, J., et al. (2020). Flourishing Systems: Re-envisioning infrastructure as a platform for human flourishing. Centre for Digital Built Britain. Cited in Asset / Network Evaluation.

  2. Highways Maintenance Efficiency Programme (HMEP) (2013). Highway Infrastructure Asset Management Guidance Document. Department for Transport. Cited in Asset / Network Evaluation.

  3. Hooper, R., Armitage, R., Gallagher, A., and Osorio, T. (2009). Whole-life Infrastructure Asset Management: Good Practice Guide for Civil Infrastructure (CIRIA C677). CIRIA. Cited in Asset / Network Evaluation.

  4. Kumar, J., Karim, R., Dersin, P., and Thaduri, A. (2024). A Performance-Driven Framework with a System-of-Systems Approach for Augmented Asset Management of Railway Systems. International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management. Cited in Asset / Network Evaluation.

  5. Meadows, D. H. (2008). Thinking in Systems: A Primer. Chelsea Green Publishing, page 11. Source of the handbook's definition of a system. Cited in System Interdependencies.

  6. Saidi, S., Kattan, L., Jayasinghe, P., Hettiaratchi, P., and Taron, J. (2018). Integrated Infrastructure Systems: A Review. Sustainable Cities and Society, 36, pages 1 to 11. Cited in Asset / Network Evaluation.

  7. IPCC Glossary, Life-Links. Source of the definition of systemic resilience. Cited in System Interdependencies.

Organisational documents

  1. Network Rail (2023). North-West and Central Region Strategic Business Plan: 2024 to 2029. Cited in Organisational Processes, supporting the account of Network Rail's asset management approach.

  2. National Highways (2022). Our Approach to Asset Management. Cited in Organisational Processes, supporting the account of National Highways' asset management ambition.

Standards

Asset management

StandardSubjectUsed in
ISO 55000:2014Asset management, overview, principles and terminologyOrganisational Processes
ISO 55001Asset management systems, requirementsOrganisational Processes
PAS 55The predecessor asset management specificationOrganisational Processes

Carbon and sustainability

StandardSubjectUsed in
ISO 14040 and ISO 14044Life-cycle assessment principles and framework, with modular stages A1 to A5, B1 to B8, C1 to C4 and Module DSustainability
PAS 2080:2023Carbon management across the whole value chain, with the accompanying ICE guidance documentSustainability
EN 17472:2022Sustainability assessment of civil engineering works: environmental, economic and social performanceSustainability
BS EN 15978The calculation frameworkSustainability
BS EN 15804Product-level declarationsSustainability

Guidance

  1. RICS. Whole Life Carbon Assessment (WLCA) for the Built Environment, second edition, effective 1 July 2024. Provides the assessment method, reporting conventions and boundary rules.

  2. IStructE. How to Calculate Embodied Carbon, third edition. Provides element-level measurement principles, the data hierarchy, separate reporting of biogenic carbon and design efficiency, and SCORS for benchmarking.

  3. HM Treasury. The Green Book. Used for environmental impacts and their monetisation, and, through its supplementary guidance for business case development, for the treatment of costs outside the MCA framework.

  4. Department for Transport. Transport Analysis Guidance (TAG), particularly unit A3, for environmental impacts and monetisation. The TAG data book supplies appraisal values.

  5. NZTA guidance. Referenced for the preliminary filtering process used to reduce a large option list before detailed MCA. Cited in Risk Reduction Analysis.

Data sources

Carbon and material data

SourceProvides
Built Environment Carbon Database (BECD)Pan-industry UK material, component and project carbon data
Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE) databaseGeneric embodied carbon factors
EcoinventLife-cycle inventory database, background environmental data
Product EPDs and supplier declarationsProduct-specific factors, obtained through procurement
Mineral Products Association and UK ConcreteUK sector average data
BCSA and Steel for LifeUK sector average data, and equivalent bodies for asphalt and precast

Energy, cost and traffic data

SourceProvides
DESNZ UK greenhouse gas conversion factorsEmissions factors, 2026 set current
DESNZ projections and NESO Future Energy ScenariosUK grid decarbonisation projections
TAG data bookAppraisal values
BCIS cost dataCapital cost, whole-life cost, marginal abatement cost

Tools

ToolPublisherScope
Rail Carbon ToolRSSBGB rail project carbon assessment
National Highways carbon toolNational HighwaysRoad scheme construction, maintenance and operation
Environment Agency carbon planning toolEnvironment AgencyEarthworks, flood and water assets
Structural Carbon Tool version 3IStructE and Elliott WoodStructural element screening and SCORS rating
SimaPro, OneClick, OpenLCAVariousLCA software drawing on background inventory data
StratforDartsIn-houseTailored economic appraisal
Foresight Drivers of Change deckForesightWorkshop cards, extended with project-specific cards

DARe Integrated Modelling Platform (IMP) Handbook. The companion volume covering climate scenarios, hazard models, transport demand and supply, transport simulation, performance metrics, adaptation measures and case studies.

Read it at the IMP handbook, or see Integration with IMP for how the two fit together.

On completeness

This list is compiled from the citations, standards, tools and data sources named across the source handbook, including two footnotes recovered from the document's footnote store rather than its body text.

The source handbook has no consolidated reference list of its own. Sub-section reference lists appear under Asset / Network Evaluation and System Interdependencies only.