References
The consolidated bibliography for this handbook. Each chapter's own further-reading page lists the subset relevant to it, with notes on what each work supports.
Bibliography
Alvarez Castro, D. (2024) An Agent-Based Model framework to simulate active travel-focused transport policy scenarios. Doctoral thesis, School of Engineering, Newcastle University. Available at: theses.ncl.ac.uk.
Bandini, S., Manzoni, S. and Vizzari, G. (2009) 'Agent Based Modeling and Simulation: An Informatics Perspective', Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 12(4), article 4. Available at: jasss.org.
Becker, N., Ulbrich, U. and Rust, H.W. (2026) 'Impact of rainfall on driving speed: combining radar-based measurements and floating car data', Future Transportation, 6(1), 38. doi:10.3390/futuretransp6010038.
Bi, W., Alvarez Castro, D., Liu, Y., Kahraman, A., Ford, A., Palacin, R. and MacAskill, K. (2026) 'Assessing transport resilience to heavy rainfall: An integrated modelling framework with metrics', arXiv:2609.16963.
De Ridder, K., Lauwaet, D. and Maiheu, B. (2015) 'UrbClim: A fast urban boundary layer climate model', Urban Climate, 12, pp. 21-48. doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2015.01.001.
Department for Transport (2024a) National Trip End Model (NTEM), Version 8.0. London: Department for Transport. Updated 4 July 2024.
Department for Transport (2024b) TAG Unit M5.4: Agent-based Methods and Activity-based Demand Modelling. London: Department for Transport.
Department for Transport (2026) TAG Unit A1.3: User and Provider Impacts. London: Department for Transport.
Ganin, A.A., Kitsak, M., Marchese, D., Keisler, J.M., Seager, T. and Linkov, I. (2017) 'Resilience and efficiency in transportation networks', Science Advances, 3(12), e1701079. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1701079.
Garrido, S., Borysov, S.S., Pereira, F.C. and Rich, J. (2020) 'Prediction of rare feature combinations in population synthesis: Application of deep generative modelling', Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 120, 102787. doi:10.1016/j.trc.2020.102787.
Gateshead Council (2023) Traffic and Accident Data Unit. Available at: gateshead.gov.uk.
Gawron, C. (1999) Simulation-Based Traffic Assignment: Computing User Equilibria in Large Street Networks. Doctoral thesis, University of Cologne. Available at: kups.ub.uni-koeln.de.
Geard, N., McCaw, J.M., Dorin, A., Korb, K.B. and McVernon, J. (2013) 'Synthetic Population Dynamics: A Model of Household Demography', Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 16(1), article 8. doi:10.18564/jasss.2098.
Glenis, V., Kutija, V. and Kilsby, C.G. (2018) 'A fully hydrodynamic urban flood modelling system representing buildings, green space and interventions', Environmental Modelling & Software, 109, pp. 272-292. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2018.07.018.
Horni, A. (2013) Destination Choice Modeling of Discretionary Activities in Transport Microsimulations. Doctoral thesis, ETH Zurich. doi:10.3929/ethz-a-010006641.
Horni, A., Nagel, K. and Axhausen, K.W. (eds.) (2016) The Multi-Agent Transport Simulation MATSim. London: Ubiquity Press. doi:10.5334/baw.
Hranac, R., Sterzin, E., Krechmer, D., Rakha, H., Farzaneh, M. and Arafeh, M. (2006) Empirical Studies on Traffic Flow in Inclement Weather. Report FHWA-HOP-07-073. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration.
ISO (2019) ISO 14090:2019 Adaptation to climate change: Principles, requirements and guidelines. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization.
ISO (2021) ISO 14091:2021 Adaptation to climate change: Guidelines on vulnerability, impacts and risk assessment. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization.
Kagho, G.O., Balac, M. and Axhausen, K.W. (2020) 'Agent-Based Models in Transport Planning: Current State, Issues, and Expectations', Procedia Computer Science, 170, pp. 726-732. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2020.03.164.
Kitamura, R. (1988) 'An evaluation of activity-based travel analysis', Transportation, 15(1-2), pp. 9-34. doi:10.1007/BF00167973.
Lomax, N., Smith, A.P., Archer, L., Ford, A. and Virgo, J. (2022) 'An Open-Source Model for Projecting Small Area Demographic and Land-Use Change', Geographical Analysis, 54(3), pp. 599-622. doi:10.1111/gean.12320.
Mattsson, L.-G. and Jenelius, E. (2015) 'Vulnerability and resilience of transport systems: a discussion of recent research', Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 81, pp. 16-34. doi:10.1016/j.tra.2015.06.002.
McNally, M.G. (2000) 'The Activity-Based Approach', in Hensher, D.A. and Button, K.J. (eds.) Handbook of Transport Modelling. Oxford: Elsevier, pp. 53-69.
McNally, M.G. (2007) 'The Four-Step Model', in Handbook of Transport Modelling. Emerald Group Publishing, pp. 35-53. doi:10.1108/9780857245670-003.
Met Office (2019) UKCP18 Factsheet: UKCP Local (2.2 km) Projections. Exeter: Met Office.
Moeckel, R., Kuehnel, N., Llorca, C., Moreno, A.T. and Rayaprolu, H. (2020) 'Agent-Based Simulation to Improve Policy Sensitivity of Trip-Based Models', Journal of Advanced Transportation, 2020, 1902162. doi:10.1155/2020/1902162.
Moeckel, R., Wegener, M. and Spiekermann, K. (2003) 'Creating a Synthetic Population', Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management (CUPUM), pp. 1-18.
Poletti, F. (2017) 'Public Transit Mapping on Multi-Modal Networks in MATSim', Strasse und Verkehr, 7-8, pp. 22-25.
Souverijns, N., De Ridder, K., Takacs, S., Veldeman, N., Michielsen, M., Crols, T., Foamouhoue, A.K., Nshimirimana, G., Dan Dije, I. and Tidjani, H. (2023) 'High resolution heat stress over a Sahelian city: Present and future impact assessment and urban green effectiveness', International Journal of Climatology, 43(15), pp. 7346-7364. doi:10.1002/joc.8268.
University of Leeds (2022) UK2GTFS. Available at: itsleeds.github.io/UK2GTFS.
Wu, H., Liu, L., Yu, Y., Peng, Z., Jiao, H. and Niu, Q. (2019) 'An Agent-based Model Simulation of Human Mobility Based on Mobile Phone Data: How commuting relates to congestion', ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 8(7), 313. doi:10.3390/ijgi8070313.
Yameogo, F., Gastineau, P., Vandanjon, P.O. and Hankach, P. (2020) 'Comparing Methods for Generating a Two-Layered Synthetic Population', Transportation Research Record, 2675(1), pp. 136-147. doi:10.1177/0361198120964734.
Zhou, M., Li, J., Basu, R. and Ferreira, J. (2022) 'Creating spatially-detailed heterogeneous synthetic populations for agent-based microsimulation', Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 91, 101717. doi:10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2021.101717.
Ziemke, D. (2023) Person-centric integrated modeling of transport and urban systems. Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitat Berlin. doi:10.14279/depositonce-17699.
Ziemke, D., Nagel, K. and Moeckel, R. (2016) 'Towards an Agent-based, Integrated Land-use Transport Modeling System', Procedia Computer Science, 83, pp. 958-963. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2016.04.192.
Which chapter cites what
| Chapter | References |
|---|---|
| 2. Climate scenarios | Met Office (2019) |
| 3. Hazard models | De Ridder et al. (2015); Glenis, Kutija and Kilsby (2018); Souverijns et al. (2023) |
| 5. Transport thresholds | ISO (2019); ISO (2021) |
| 6. Transport demand | Department for Transport (2024a); Garrido et al. (2020); Geard et al. (2013); Lomax et al. (2022); Moeckel et al. (2003); Moeckel et al. (2020); University of Leeds (2022); Wu et al. (2019); Yameogo et al. (2020); Zhou et al. (2022); Ziemke, Nagel and Moeckel (2016) |
| 7. Transport supply | Alvarez Castro (2024); Poletti (2017); University of Leeds (2022) |
| 8. Transport model | Alvarez Castro (2024); Bandini, Manzoni and Vizzari (2009); Department for Transport (2024b); Gawron (1999); Horni (2013); Horni, Nagel and Axhausen (2016); Kagho et al. (2020); Kitamura (1988); McNally (2000); McNally (2007); Ziemke (2023) |
| 9. Performance metrics | Alvarez Castro (2024); Bi et al. (2026); Department for Transport (2026); Ganin et al. (2017); Mattsson and Jenelius (2015) |
| 11. Resilience tool | Becker, Ulbrich and Rust (2026); Ganin et al. (2017); Hranac et al. (2006); Mattsson and Jenelius (2015) |
| 13. Case studies | Alvarez Castro (2024); Bi et al. (2026); Gateshead Council (2023) |
Corrections applied
Three discrepancies between the reference list and the chapter text
The bibliography above follows the handbook's own reference list, which resolves several inconsistencies in the body text.
| Item | In the chapter text | In the reference list |
|---|---|---|
| Geard et al. (2013) | Cited as "Gearda et al." in Chapter 6 | Geard, N., McCaw, J.M., Dorin, A., Korb, K.B. and McVernon, J. |
| De Ridder et al. (2015) page range | Given as Urban Climate 12, 41-58 in Chapter 3 | Urban Climate, 12, pp. 21-48 |
| Rail Safety and Standards Board | Written "Rail Safety and Standard Board" in Chapter 5 | Correct plural used in that chapter's further reading |
The De Ridder page range in particular should be corrected in the source document, as the two versions are not a spelling variation but a different citation.
Citations still unresolved
The performance metrics chapter carries
numeric citations such as (5), [43,44] and [47,48] that point to a numbered
bibliography not reproduced in the handbook. Those works are not listed above because
they cannot be identified.
Annexes
The handbook includes one annex, documenting agent-based modelling.
| Annex | Contents |
|---|---|
| Agent-based modelling | DfT guidance, academic reviews, model development examples, policy applications and UK models in practice |